Business Description

OVERVIEW Oppenheimer Holdings Inc. ("OPY" or the "Parent"), through its Operating Subsidiaries (together, the "Company", the "Firm", "we", "our" or "us"), is a leading middle-market investment bank and full service broker-dealer incorporated in the State of Delaware in the United States. With roots tracing back to 1881, the Company is engaged in a broad range of activities in the financial services industry, including retail securities brokerage, institutional sales and trading, investment banking (both corporate and public finance), equity and fixed income research, market-making, trust services and investment advisory and asset management services. The Parent owns, through subsidiaries, Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. ("Oppenheimer"), a New York-based securities broker-dealer and investment adviser, Oppenheimer Asset Management Inc. and its subsidiary advisors ("OAM"), a New York-based investment adviser, Oppenheimer Trust Company of Delaware Inc. ("Oppenheimer Trust"), a Delaware limited purpose bank, and OPY Credit Corp. ("OPY Credit"), a New York corporation which conducts secondary trading activities related to the purchase and sale of loans and trade claims, primarily on a riskless principal basis. We conduct our international businesses through Oppenheimer Europe Ltd. (United Kingdom with offices in the Isle of Jersey and Switzerland), Oppenheimer Investments Asia Limited (Hong Kong), and Oppenheimer Israel (OPCO) Ltd. (Israel). The Company previously operated Freedom Investments, Inc. ("Freedom") as a discount securities broker-dealer based in New Jersey. In September 2025, the Company announced its plans for Freedom to cease operations and formally deregister as a broker-dealer. Pursuant to this action, Freedom ceased all broker-dealer activities and closed or transferred any remaining customer accounts. On December 1, 2025, Freedom submitted a Uniform Request for Broker-Dealer Withdrawal (“Form BDW”) to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA") and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commision (the "SEC") to formally deregister as a broker-dealer. Freedom’s deregistration became effective on January 30, 2026. As Freedom has been winding down its business for a number of years, the closing of Freedom did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. WEALTH MANAGEMENT Through its Wealth Management business, Oppenheimer provides a comprehensive array of financial services through a network of 924 financial advisors in 88 offices located throughout the United States. Clients include high-net-worth individuals and families, corporate executives, and public and private businesses. Clients may choose a variety of ways to establish a relationship and conduct business including brokerage accounts with transaction-based pricing and/or investment advisory accounts with asset-based fee pricing. As of December 31, 2025, the Company held client assets under administration of $143.3 billion. Oppenheimer provides the following wealth management services: Full-Service Brokerage — Oppenheimer offers full-service brokerage covering investment alternatives including exchange-traded and over-the-counter corporate equity and debt securities, money market instruments, exchange-traded options, municipal bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, certain precious metals and unit investment trusts. A portion of Oppenheimer's revenue is derived from commissions from private clients through accounts with transaction-based pricing. Brokerage commissions are charged on investment products in accordance with a schedule which Oppenheimer has formulated. Discounts are available to and can be negotiated with customers based on transaction size and volume as well as a number of other factors. In recent years, an increasing number of clients have chosen to do business through fee-based accounts. Wealth Planning — Oppenheimer also offers financial and wealth planning services which include asset management, individual and corporate retirement solutions, insurance and annuity products, IRAs and 401(k) plans, U.S. stock plan services to corporate executives and businesses, education savings programs, and trust and fiduciary services to individual and corporate clients.…