Business Description

Overview Novavax, Inc., together with our wholly owned subsidiaries, tackles some of the world’s most pressing health challenges with its scientific expertise in vaccines and its proven technology platform, including its Matrix-M ™ adjuvant and protein-based nanoparticles. Our corporate growth strategy focuses on maximizing the impact of our cutting-edge technology by forging partnerships for our Matrix-M adjuvant and research and development (R&D) assets while maintaining a lean and focused operating model. Our technology platform, combined with our deep vaccine expertise, is the fuel for innovation and partnerships, and we believe it has the potential to create significant value. Our proprietary Matrix-M™ adjuvant when added to vaccines, has been shown to help induce a stronger and longer-lasting immune response. Our recombinant protein-based nanoparticle technology has been shown to be highly immunogenetic. Together, we believe that our technology platform can induce potent, durable and broad immune responses, with the potential to be antigen-sparing. Our Matrix-M™ adjuvant can increase both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to the vaccine and it has demonstrated a favorable tolerability profile in clinical trials. Our technology platform is used in our authorized COVID-19 Vaccine (Nuvaxovid) and the R21/Matrix-M™ adjuvant malaria vaccine (as defined below). Additionally, we are advancing our pipeline programs with a focus on potentially high-value assets in areas with unmet medical need, compelling scientific rationale and strong commercial opportunity. 4 Table of Contents Furthermore, we provide our Matrix-M™ adjuvant for use in collaborations. These include the R21/Matrix-M™ adjuvant malaria vaccine, a malaria vaccine developed by our partner, the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford (“R21/Matrix-M™ adjuvant malaria vaccine”) and manufactured by Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. (“SII”). R21/Matrix-M™ adjuvant malaria vaccine is authorized in several countries. Additionally, we provide Matrix-M™ adjuvant for use in various programs in preclinical and clinical stage, as well as preclinical investigations. Examples include, several material transfer agreements with global pharmaceutical companies for exploration of Matrix-M™ adjuvant used as a potential advancement in their pipeline, including a pre-clinical collaboration in oncology. We were incorporated in 1987 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, and our telephone number is (240) 268-2000. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “NVAX.” Technology Overview We believe our recombinant nanoparticle vaccine technology and our proprietary Matrix-M™ adjuvant are well suited for the development and commercialization of vaccine candidates targeting areas both within and beyond the infectious disease space. Recombinant Nanoparticle Vaccine Technology Once a target of interest has been identified, the genetic sequence encoding an antigen is selected for developing the vaccine construct. The genetic sequence may be optimized to enhance protein stability or confer resistance to degradation. This genetic construct is inserted into the baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda (“Sf-/BV”) insect cell-expression system, which enables efficient, large-scale expression of the optimized protein. The Sf-/BV system produces protein-based antigens that are properly folded and modified, which can be critical for functional, protective immunity. Our testing shows this results in a highly immunogenic nanoparticle that is ready to be formulated with Matrix-M™ adjuvant. Matrix-M™ Adjuvant Our proprietary Matrix-M™ adjuvant is a key differentiator within our platform. This adjuvant has enabled potent, well tolerated, and durable efficacy by stimulating the entry of antigen presenting cells (“APCs”) into the injection site and enhancing antigen presentation in local lymph nodes. This in turn activates APCs, T-cell and B-cell populations, and plasma cells, which promote the production of high affinity antibodies, an immune boosting response. This potent mechanism of action enables a lower dose of antigen to achieve the desired immune response, thereby contributing to increased vaccine supply and manufacturing capacity. These immune-boosting and dose-sparing capabilities contribute to the adjuvant’s highly unique profile.…