Business Description

Overview We are the market leader in delivering resilient, next generation, complementary positioning, navigation and timing (“PNT”) solutions designed to overcome the limitations and vulnerabilities of existing space-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (“GNSS”), including the Global Positioning System (“GPS”). PNT services are used in nearly every facet of our economy. Cellular and electrical distribution systems depend on GPS-based timing, and the mobile app economy relies on location to create innovative services and to drive data and advertising revenue. Public safety and enhanced 911 (“E911”) save lives every day with the use of location services. GPS has powered the global economy for nearly 40 years. Without high-precision timing from GPS, cellular systems would fail, the distribution of electricity would be impacted, and other aspects of everyday life would be adversely affected. Recent international events have demonstrated that having viable systems to backup and complement GPS is a national security issue. Our PNT solutions seek to address these needs and issues in several ways. Our technology consists of a ground-based transmitter network operating on low-band spectrum assets in a manner similar to the function of GPS satellites. Unlike satellites, our network signals are designed to be much stronger and extremely difficult to jam or spoof. In addition, because the signals are terrestrial and low-band, they can penetrate buildings. As a result, our technology can act as a complement to satellite-based GPS, especially in urban canyons or deep indoors, and as a backup in case traditional GPS fails due to jamming, spoofing, technical failures, solar flares or other risks to satellite-based services. In addition, our location-based services are three-dimensional. Our core Pinnacle technology uses barometric sensors in smartphones and other communications devices and a network of sensors to determine vertical, or “z-axis”, location. This technology can provide accurate vertical location data to assist first responders, dispatchers and others, or potentially could be used for autonomous systems, such as drones, in need of precise 3D mapping in urban areas, among other uses. Our complementary PNT solutions are built on our asset base of FCC licenses that cover 12 MHz of low-band spectrum available for use. This spectrum consists of a contiguous 8 MHz block of 900 MHz spectrum covering over 90% of the U.S. population and an additional 4 MHz of complementary spectrum covering part of the U.S. population that was transferred to us in 2025 as a result of a transaction with Telesaurus and Skybridge Spectrum Foundation. That transaction also gave us potential rights to an additional 2 MHz of related spectrum covered by terminated Skybridge Spectrum Foundation licenses. These licenses are subject to a Skybridge and Telesaurus petition for reconsideration seeking reinstatement of these licenses. For more information on this transaction, refer to Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We are evolving our PNT solutions to use 5G New Radio (“5G NR”) positioning reference signals (“PRS”), under the 3GPP global standard, to determine location and timing - a platform we refer to as NextGen. We believe the evolution of our existing technologies and services to a 5G NR PRS capability will improve the efficiency, flexibility, and scale of