Business Description

Development of Business We are a leading global producer of industrial packaging products and services with operations in over 35 countries. We offer a comprehensive line of rigid industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, rigid intermediate bulk containers, jerrycans and other small plastics, closure systems for industrial packaging products, transit protection products, water bottles and remanufactured and reconditioned industrial containers, and services, such as container life cycle management, logistics, warehousing and other packaging services. We produce and sell containerboard, corrugated sheets, corrugated containers and other corrugated products to customers in North America in industries such as packaging, automotive, food and building products. We also produce and sell coated recycled paperboard and uncoated recycled paperboard, some of which are used to produce and sell industrial products (tubes and cores, construction products and protective packaging). We also produce and sell bulk and specialty partitions made from both containerboard and uncoated recycled paperboard. In addition, we purchase and sell recycled fiber and produce and sell adhesives used in our paperboard products. We sell timber to third parties from our timberland in the southeastern United States that we manage to maximize long-term value. In addition, we sell, from time to time, timberland and special use land, which consists of surplus land, higher and better use (“HBU”) land and development land. Our customers range from Fortune 500 companies to medium and small-sized companies in a cross section of industries. Through the end of our 2024 fiscal year, our fiscal year began on November 1 and ended on October 31 of the following year. Any references in this Form 10-K to the years, or to any quarter of those years, relates to the fiscal year or quarter, as the case may be, ended in that year, unless otherwise stated. However, we are changing our fiscal year end, effective for the 2025 fiscal year. Our 2025 fiscal year will begin on November 1, 2024 and end on September 30, 2025, and accordingly, will consist of eleven months. Our fourth fiscal quarter of 2025 will be the two month period ending September 30, 2025. Thereafter, our fiscal year will begin on October 1 and end on September 30 of the following year. As used in this Form 10-K, the terms “Greif,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Greif, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Financial Information about Segments For fiscal year 2024, we operated in seven operating segments, which are aggregated into three