Business Description

3 . SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). On May 19, 2025, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse split of the Company’s common stock which became effective on the NYSE American on May 20, 2025. On that date, every thirty issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock automatically converted into one outstanding share. As a result of the reverse stock split, the number of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock decreased from 94,037,256 (pre-split) shares to 3,135,021 (post-split) shares. In addition, by reducing the number of the Company’s outstanding shares, the Company’s loss per share in all prior periods will increase by a factor of thirty. The reverse stock split affected all stockholders of the Company’s common stock uniformly and did not affect any stockholder’s percentage of ownership interest. The par value of the Company’s stock remained unchanged at $0.01 per share and the number of authorized shares of common stock remained the same after the reverse stock split. As the par value per share of the Company’s common stock remained unchanged at $0.01 per share, a total of $909,021 was reclassified from common stock to additional paid-in capital. In connection with this reverse stock split, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Company’s incentive and non-qualified stock option plans, as well as the shares of common stock underlying outstanding stock options and warrants, were also proportionately reduced while the exercise prices of such stock options and warrants were proportionately increased. All references to shares of common stock and per share data for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split on a retroactive basis. Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents consist principally of unrestricted cash on deposit and short-term money market funds. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity when purchased of less than three months to be cash equivalents. Property and Equipment – Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of five to seven years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Repairs and maintenance which do not extend the life of the asset are expensed when incurred. Property and equipment is reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine if any of the assets are impaired. Supplies used for R&D and manufacturing – Supplies are consumable items kept on hand to support the Company’s R&D and manufacturing operations. Supplies are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value and are charged to expense as they are used in operations. The Company regularly reviews the quality and utilization of supplies to determine if future use of these supplies is probable. Due to the generic use of these supplies, they can be used in multiple projects other than those currently being studied. Supplies held less than twelve months are classified as current assets and supplies held longer than twelve months are classified as non-current assets, which is in line with the Company’s expected consumption of the supplies in the future. Patents costs, net – Patent expenditures are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the expected useful life or the legal life of the patent (17 years). In the event changes in technology or other circumstances impair the value or life of the patent, appropriate adjustments to the asset value and period of amortization are made. An impairment loss is recognized when estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset, and from its disposition, are less than the carrying value of the asset. The amount of the impairment loss would be the difference between the estimated fair value of the asset and its carrying value. Leases – The Company accounts for contracts that convey the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment over a period of time in exchange for consideration as leases upon inception.…