Business Description

1. Description of Business Organization and Business Ainos, Inc. (the “Company”), incorporated in the State of Texas in 1984, is a dual-platform company advancing artificial intelligence–based smelltech technologies and immune therapeutics. Our primary strategic focus is the commercialization of our proprietary scent digitization platform, AI Nose, while we also continue to develop therapeutic assets based on our low-dose oral interferon program, VELDONA®. Our core technology platform, AI Nose, is an AI-based electronic olfaction system that integrates gas sensor arrays with proprietary artificial intelligence models, which we refer to as a smell language model (“SLM”), to digitize scent and volatile organic compound (“VOC”) signals into Smell ID, a machine-readable data format. AI Nose is initially developed in healthcare-related settings, including point-of-care testing (“POCT”). These early healthcare applications shaped the platform’s sensor architecture, data models, and system calibration. Building on this foundation, we are expanding the application of AI Nose into industrial environments, where we believe real-time environmental sensing, anomaly detection, and operational monitoring are important. Current and planned use cases include industrial applications across semiconductor manufacturing, robotics, and smart manufacturing settings. We believe the underlying scent digitization architecture of AI Nose is adaptable across a range of industrial and non-industrial verticals, and we continue to evaluate additional application opportunities based on partner engagement and deployment experience. We are advancing the AI Nose platform through partner-led deployments, with a strategy focused on platform scalability, data-driven performance improvement, and integration into existing industrial ecosystems. Our approach emphasizes expanding the role of scent as a machine-readable data modality alongside vision and sound, while maintaining flexibility to address diverse operational requirements. Separately, we continue to develop VELDONA®, our low-dose oral interferon platform, targeting selected rare, autoimmune, and infectious disease indications. Our VELDONA® programs include candidates for the treatment of oral warts in HIV-positive patients, Sjögren’s syndrome, and feline chronic gingivostomatitis (“FCGS”). We have conducted research and development activities related to VELDONA® since our inception. Public Offering and Uplisting The Company’s registration statement related to its underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) was declared effective on August 8, 2022, and the Company’s common stock and warrants began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Nasdaq”) on August 9, 2022 under the trading symbols “AIMD” and “AIMDW”, respectively. Reverse Stock Splits In connection with the Offering, the Company’s board of directors on April 29, 2022 and its shareholders on May 16, 2022 approved a 1-for-15 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock that became effective on August 9, 2022. On November 27, 2023, to comply with Nasdaq’s minimum $ 1.00 per share continued listing rules, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Restated Certificate of Formation to apply for reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 1-for-5 , which was effectuated on December 14, 2023 after receiving required approvals. Further, to comply with Nasdaq’s minimum $ 1.00 per share continued listing rules, on June 27, 2025, the Company applied for another reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 1-for-5 , which was effectuated on June 30, 2025 after receiving required approvals. The par value of $ 0.01 and authorized shares of the Company’s common stock remain the same and were not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock splits. All issued and outstanding common stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), outstanding convertible notes, warrants and options to purchase common stock and per share amounts contained in the financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock splits for all periods presented. Additional information regarding the Offering and the reverse stock splits can be found in Note 7 to the financial statements.