Business Description

Nature of Business Note Regarding Certain References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K Throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “Agios,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” and similar expressions, except where the context requires otherwise, refer to Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and “our Board of Directors” refers to the board of directors of Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In addition, unless otherwise stated or the context indicates otherwise, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “AQVESME™ (mitapivat)” or “AQVESME™” refer to our FDA-approved medicine for the treatment of anemia in adults with non-transfusion dependent and transfusion-dependent alpha- or beta-thalassemia in the United States; references to “PYRUKYND® (mitapivat)”, “PYRUKYND®”, or “mitapivat” refer to all other commercially available mitapivat products or mitapivat product candidates for which we are exploring further applications and indications, as the context requires. Overview We are a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to redefining the future of rare disease treatment. Fueled by connections, we build trusted partnerships with communities, collaborating to develop and deliver innovative medicines with the potential to transform lives. With a foundation in hematology, we combine biological expertise with real-world insights to advance a growing pipeline of rare disease medicines that reflect the priorities of the people we serve. We are located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The lead product candidate in our portfolio, mitapivat, is an activator of both wild-type and mutant pyruvate kinase, or PK, enzymes for the potential treatment of hemolytic anemias. Mitapivat is approved in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, under the brand name AQVESME™ for the treatment of anemia in adults with non-transfusion dependent and transfusion-dependent alpha- or beta-thalassemia and in Saudi Arabia under the brand name PYRUKYND® for the treatment of adult patients with non-transfusion-dependent and transfusion-dependent alpha- or beta-thalassemia. Mitapivat is also approved under the brand name PYRUKYND® in the United States by the FDA for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in adults with PK deficiency and in the European Union, or EU, and Great Britain for the treatment of PK deficiency in adults. In December 2024, we announced that we submitted a marketing authorization application, or MAA, to the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, and a regulatory application to the United Arab Emirates health authorities for PYRUKYND® for the treatment of adult patients with non-transfusion dependent and transfusion-dependent alpha- or beta-thalassemia. In October 2025, we announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, or the CHMP, of the EMA adopted a positive opinion for the new indication for PYRUKYND® in adults for the treatment of anemia associated with transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion-dependent alpha- or beta-thalassemia. The European Commission is reviewing the CHMP’s opinion, with the final decision expected in early 2026. We will have a pre-supplemental New Drug Application, or sNDA, meeting with the FDA in the first quarter of 2026 and intend to submit a U.S. marketing application for mitapivat in sickle cell disease, or SCD, following that engagement. In addition, we are evaluating mitapivat for the treatment of pediatric patients with PK deficiency. We are also developing (i) tebapivat, a novel PK activator, for the potential treatment of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, or LR MDS, and SCD; (ii) AG-181, our phenylalanine hydroxylase, or PAH, stabilizer for the potential treatment of phenylketonuria, or PKU; and (iii) AG-236, an siRNA in-licensed from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Alnylam, targeting the transmembrane serine protease 6, or TMPRSS6, gene for the potential treatment of polycythemia vera, or PV.…